COVID-19 vs. the Flu: What You Need to Know About Symptoms, Vaccines, and Treatment

Although COVID-19 and influenza (commonly known as the flu) are caused by different viruses—SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses respectively—they share many similarities in how they spread and the symptoms they produce, which often makes it difficult to distinguish between the two without testing. Both are contagious respiratory illnesses that can cause fever, cough, fatigue, sore throat, and body aches, and both can lead to severe complications like pneumonia, hospitalization, or even death, especially in high-risk groups such as the elderly, those with chronic medical conditions, and the immunocompromised¹. However, there are key differences. COVID-19 has been associated with more severe illness in certain populations and has caused more widespread disruption globally due to its rapid transmission and potential for long-term symptoms, often referred to as “long COVID”². Additionally, COVID-19 tends to have a longer incubation period than influenza, meaning symptoms may take longer to appear after exposure³.

Vaccination plays a critical role in reducing the risk of infection and severe illness from both viruses¹⁸. Annual flu vaccines are widely available and updated regularly to match the circulating strains. Likewise, COVID-19 vaccines in Malaysia have been updated to target newer variants and are available at Klinik Kesihatan nationwide. Individuals can book appointments via MySejahtera or opt for walk-in vaccinations, as announced by the Ministry of Health Malaysia on 19 June 2025 ⁴. Receiving both vaccines is safe and recommended, particularly before the peak respiratory illness season. This is especially important because it is possible for someone to contract both influenza and COVID-19 at the same time, a condition known as coinfection⁵ ⁹ ¹⁰ ¹¹. Studies have shown that patients with both infections may experience more severe symptoms and worse clinical outcomes, including a higher risk of hospitalization¹⁷ and mortality⁶. The immune system is already compromised when fighting one virus, and the presence of a second can further strain the body’s ability to respond effectively¹⁶.

Being aware of treatment options is crucial. For influenza, antiviral medications can reduce the severity and duration of symptoms when taken within 48¹² hours of onset⁷. COVID-19 treatments have also evolved, with antiviral drugs and monoclonal antibody therapies available for eligible patients, especially those at risk of severe illness⁸. Early testing and diagnosis are important for both diseases, as prompt treatment improves outcomes. Importantly, supportive care—such as rest, hydration, and fever management—remains a key part of home recovery for mild cases¹³.

Ultimately, staying informed and proactive is your best defence. Vaccination, good hygiene practices like regular handwashing and mask-wearing in crowded places, and prompt medical attention when symptoms arise can help protect not only yourself but also those around you. While COVID-19 and the flu may continue to coexist, our understanding and tools to manage them have grown significantly¹⁴. Talk to your healthcare provider about getting vaccinated and what treatment options are available should you become ill¹⁵. Protecting your health starts with awareness and action.

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